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Oracle 10g RAC 配置物理dataguard系列2：备库安装、升级oracle软件、配置ASM实例

2月 14,2012 有2条评论 Experience, Oracle

在上一篇文章Oracle 10g RAC 配置物理dataguard系列1：RAC主库信息概览、备库准备工作中，我们了解了双节点RAC主库的基本信息，并且成功创建了一台将来用作物理备库的机器。在本篇中，我们将完成以下任务：

在物理备库机器上安装oracle 10g 数据库软件；
在物理备库机器上升级oracle 10g 软件到10.2.0.5.0；
在物理备库机器上配置ASM存储，创建ASM实例；

一安装oracle软件，在一台干净的Linux服务器上安装一套oracle 10g数据库软件，需要完成以下任务：

1 创建oracle用户、用户组，参照以下shell脚本完成：

[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# pwd
/root/Pre10g
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2165 Feb 14 14:49 1preuser.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  510 Feb 14 14:47 2predir.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  801 Feb 14 14:47 3prelimits.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  541 Feb 14 14:47 4prelogin.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  652 Feb 14 14:47 5preprofile.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2300 Feb 14 14:47 6presysctl.sh
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# chmod u+x *.sh
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# ll
total 24
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 2165 Feb 14 14:49 1preuser.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root  510 Feb 14 14:47 2predir.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root  801 Feb 14 14:47 3prelimits.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root  541 Feb 14 14:47 4prelogin.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root  652 Feb 14 14:47 5preprofile.sh
-rwxr--r-- 1 root root 2300 Feb 14 14:47 6presysctl.sh
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# cat 1preuser.sh 
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Create two groups named 'oinstall' and 'dba', plus a user named 'oracle'.Also setting the Environment
#variable for oracle user.
# 
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./1preuser.sh
#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now create two groups named 'oinstall' and 'dba', plus a user named 'oracle'.Also setting the Environment"
groupadd oinstall 
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -c "Oracle software owner" -d  /home/oracle   oracle 
echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=pridb"  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/i386'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/i386/server'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASS_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASS_PATH=$CLASS_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export CLASS_PATH=$CLASS_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin'  >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export LANG=en_US" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "The two groups named 'oinstall' and 'dba' plus the oracle user has been created."
echo "The Environment variable for oracle user also has been setted sussessfully."
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]#

2 创建相关目录，其中/u01/app用做Oracle Base 目录，/u01/app/oracle用作Oracle Home目录，具体参照下述脚本：

[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# cat 2predir.sh 
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Create the necessary directory for oracle user and change the authention to oracle user.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./2predir.sh
#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now create the necessary directory for oracle user and change the authention to oracle user..."
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown oracle:oinstall /home/oracle
echo "The necessary directory for oracle user and change the authention to oracle user has been finished"[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]#

3 配置oracle用户的SHELL限制，我们通过下述脚本来修改/etc/security/limits.conf配置文件：

[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# cat 3prelimits.sh 
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Change the /etc/security/limits.conf. 
#        "Configure the SHELL limits on oracle user."
#        配置oracle用户的SHELL限制
#  nofile ----可打开的文件描述符的最大数
#  nproc  ----单个用户可用的最大进程数量
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./3prelimits.sh
#Author:Asher Huang


echo "Now modify the /etc/security/limits.conf,but backup it named /etc/security/limits.conf.bak before"
cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak
echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/security/limits.conf has been succeed."[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]#

4 配置SHELL对oracle用户的限制生效，需要修改/etc/pam.d/login文件，脚本如下：

[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# cat 4prelogin.sh 
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/pam.d/login.
# 为使第3步骤中配置SHELL对oracle用户的限制生效，需要修改/etc/pam.d/login文件.
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./4prelimits.sh
#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/pam.d/login,but with a backup named /etc/pam.d/login.bak"
cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bak
echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login
echo "Modifing the /etc/pam.d/login has been succeed."

5 配置系统相关的环境变量，修改/etc/profile,脚本：

[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# cat 5preprofile.sh 
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/profile.配置系统相关的环境变量
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./5preprofile.sh
#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the  /etc/profile,but with a backup named  /etc/profile.bak"
cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak
echo 'if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then' >>  /etc/profile
echo 'if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -p 16384' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -n 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'else' >> /etc/profile
echo 'ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' >> /etc/profile
echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile
echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile
echo "Modifing the /etc/profile has been succeed."

6 修改系统内核参数，修改/etc/sysctl.conf配置文件，脚本：

[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# cat 6presysctl.sh 
#!/bin/bash
#Purpose:Modify the /etc/sysctl.conf.
# 修改系统内核参数，若配置有误，在安装时有先决条件检查，即会报错!!!
#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./6presysctl.sh
#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/sysctl.conf,but with a backup named /etc/sysctl.bak"
cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak
echo "fs.file-max = 65536" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax = 2147483648" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default=1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "Modifing the /etc/sysctl.conf has been succeed."
echo "Now make the changes take effect....."

## fs.file-max = 65536 表示文件句柄的最大数量。文件句柄设置表示在linux系统中可以打开的文件数量 

## kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128  sem 4个参数依次是
##SEMMSL:每个用户拥有信号量最大数;
##SEMMNS:系统信号量最大数;
##SEMOPM:每次semopm系统调用操作数;
##SEMMNI:系统信号量集数最大数。这4个参数为固定内容大小。

## kernel.shmall = 2097152 该参数表示系统一次可以使用的共享内存总量（以页为单位，）。缺省值就是2097152，通常不需要修改。
## 可用共享内存的总量，单位页，在32位系统上一页=4k，也就是4096字节。按照这个设置2097152*4k/1024/1024 = 8G， 就是说可用共享内存一共 8G
## kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 该参数定义了共享内存段的最大尺寸（以字节为单位）。缺省为32M，对于oracle来说，该缺省值太低了，通常将其设置为2G
## 单个共享内存段的最大数，2147483648/1024/1024=2048M=2G
## kernel.shmmni = 4096 这个内核参数用于设置系统范围内单个共享内存段的最小值。该参数的默认值是 4096 。通常不需要更改。


## 设置UDP send/receive buffers high enough ,通常在RAC环境下，私网最好是千兆网卡，协议为UDP。
## net.core.rmem_default=262144   //  默认的接收窗口大小 
## net.core.rmem_max=262144       //  接收窗口的最大大小 
## net.core.wmem_default=262144   //  默认的发送窗口大小 
## net.core.wmem_max=262144       //  发送窗口的最大大小


## net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 //表示端口范围


#使配置生效，执行下述命令：
sysctl -p

7 将上述脚本编写无误后，以root用户依次执行：

[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# ./1preuser.sh 
Now create two groups named 'oinstall' and 'dba', plus a user named 'oracle'.Also setting the Environment
Changing password for user oracle.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
The two groups named 'oinstall' and 'dba' plus the oracle user has been created.
The Environment variable for oracle user also has been setted sussessfully.
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# ./2predir.sh 
Now create the necessary directory for oracle user and change the authention to oracle user...
The necessary directory for oracle user and change the authention to oracle user has been finished
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# ./3prelimits.sh 
Now modify the /etc/security/limits.conf,but backup it named /etc/security/limits.conf.bak before
Modifing the /etc/security/limits.conf has been succeed.
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# ./4prelogin.sh 
Now modify the /etc/pam.d/login,but with a backup named /etc/pam.d/login.bak
Modifing the /etc/pam.d/login has been succeed.
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# ./5preprofile.sh 
Now modify the  /etc/profile,but with a backup named  /etc/profile.bak
Modifing the /etc/profile has been succeed.
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# ./6presysctl.sh 
Now modify the /etc/sysctl.conf,but with a backup named /etc/sysctl.bak
Modifing the /etc/sysctl.conf has been succeed.
Now make the changes take effect.....
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.file-max = 65536
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]#

8 以oracle用户登录系统，并确认环境变量生效：

[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)
[root@ora10grac-dg Pre10g]# su - oracle
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ pwd
/home/oracle
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=pridb
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app
ORACLE_TERM=xterm
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$

9 挂载oracle软件安装介质，并以oracle用户登录图形界面，开始执行软件安装：

① 挂载安装介质，这里oracle 10g软件的安装包、升级包、集群件已经刻录好成一个ISO文件，所以只需挂载光盘：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@ora10grac-dg mnt]# ll
total 6
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 2048 Jul 27  2010 10201_clusterware_linux_x86_64
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 2048 Jul 27  2010 10201_database_linux_x86_64
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 2048 Jul 27  2010 p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64
[root@ora10grac-dg mnt]# cd 10201_database_linux_x86_64/ && ll
total 25
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root  2048 Jul 27  2010 doc
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root  2048 Jul 27  2010 install
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root  2048 Jul 27  2010 response
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root  1326 Oct 23  2005 runInstaller
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 12288 Jul 27  2010 stage
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root  5416 Oct 20  2005 welcome.html
[root@ora10grac-dg 10201_database_linux_x86_64]#

② Oracle用户登录图形界面，执行安装：

③ 发现报错，原因是Oracle 10g 软件不支持Red Hat 5版本的操作系统，Oracle 10g在2004年就发布了，而Red Hat 5则在2007年发布。修改/etc/redhat-release文件，使之骗过Oracle：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# cp /etc/redhat-release /etc/redhat-release.bak
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4 (Tikanga)
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 4 (Tikanga)
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

④ 修改之后，重新执行OUI图形界面安装，发现这次报错如下：

[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ /mnt/10201_database_linux_x86_64/runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2
                                      Passed


All installer requirements met.

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2012-02-14_03-25-08PM. Please wait ...[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall2012-02-14_03-25-08PM/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
        at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(Unknown Source)
        at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(Unknown Source)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at sun.awt.NativeLibLoader.loadLibraries(Unknown Source)
        at sun.awt.DebugHelper.(Unknown Source)
        at java.awt.Component.(Unknown Source)
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$

⑤ 原因是缺少libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm及libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64.rpm这两个RPM软件包，接下来，卸载oracle安装介质的光盘，挂载操作系统安装光盘，到操作系统安装光盘里找到这两个RPM包，并执行安装：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: block device /dev/cdrom is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# cd /mnt/Server/
[root@ora10grac-dg Server]# ll libXp*
-rw-r--r-- 2 oracle root 22852 Jan 22  2009 libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 2 oracle root 23561 Jan 22  2009 libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 2 oracle root 15103 Jan 22  2009 libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 2 oracle root 15072 Jan 22  2009 libXp-devel-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 2 oracle root 46410 Jan 22  2009 libXpm-3.5.5-3.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 2 oracle root 45336 Jan 22  2009 libXpm-3.5.5-3.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 2 oracle root 31307 Jan 22  2009 libXpm-devel-3.5.5-3.i386.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 2 oracle root 32469 Jan 22  2009 libXpm-devel-3.5.5-3.x86_64.rpm
[root@ora10grac-dg Server]# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm 
warning: libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libXp                  ########################################### [100%]
[root@ora10grac-dg Server]# rpm -ivh libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64.rpm 
warning: libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:libXp                  ########################################### [100%]
[root@ora10grac-dg Server]# cd 
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# umount /mnt/
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

⑥ 接下来，重新挂载Oracle安装介质光盘，重新执行OUI安装，进入熟悉的OUI安装界面，选择高级安装，单击Next，一路走下去：

⑦ 单击Next，进入到安装前的与检查页面，提示交换分区不够大的警告，还有一个网络配置的信息，说是建议采用DHCP，这里直接忽略：

⑧ Next 进入下一步，注意选择只安装软件，不要建库，因为我们是要配置物理dataguard。

⑨ 最后，以root用户执行下述两个脚本，完成oracle软件的安装：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete  
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /u01/app/oracle/root.sh
Running Oracle10 root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

⑩ 以Oracle用户执行SQL*PLUS命令行工具，做简单验证：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Feb 14 16:53:01 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>

至此，Oracle 10g数据库软件已经安装完成！！！

二 oracle软件安装完成之后，接下来，开始升级Oracle软件到10.2.0.5.0版本：

① 同样，10.2.0.5.0的升级包也在安装介质的光盘上，如果没有的话，需要自行到oracle的官方网站下载。依然以oracle用户在图形界面下执行下述命令，进入OUI的图形界面进行升级：

[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ /mnt/p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64/Disk1/runInstaller 
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking installer requirements...

Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9, SuSE-10, redhat-4, redhat-5, redhat-6, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1, asianux-2, asianux-3, enterprise-4, enterprise-5 or SuSE-11
                                      Passed


All installer requirements met.

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2012-02-14_04-59-35PM. Please wait ...[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ Oracle Universal Installer, Version 10.2.0.5.0 Production
Copyright (C) 1999, 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved.

② Next 进入下一步：

③ 继续Next：

④ Next，进入下一步：

⑤ 发现，此时提示内核的fs.file-max = 65536参数太小，需要调整为101365。以及net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000需要调整为net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500。依据错误提示信息，对/etc/sysctl.conf配置文件重新进行修改。修改后，单击Retry，此时不再提示该警告，转而提示swap过小，可直接忽略：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# tail -10 /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 101365
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
net.core.rmem_default=1048576
net.core.rmem_max= 1048576
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
fs.file-max = 101365
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

⑥ 单击，Install，进入安装升级包：

⑦ 最后，执行提示脚本/u01/app/oracle/root.sh，完成oracle软件的升级！

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /u01/app/oracle/root.sh
Running Oracle 10g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
The file "dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n) 
[n]: y
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n) 
[n]: y
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n) 
[n]: y
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

⑧ 当然，再次以oracle用户在命令行执行SQL*PLUS命令，确认数据库软件已经升级到10.2.0.5.0版本：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Feb 14 17:31:12 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

SQL>

⑨ 最后，别忘记了配置监听程序。可以使用Oracle提供的Net Configuration Assisstant、Net Manager图形化界面工具进行配置，也可以直接到$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/目录下直接编辑一个listener.ora的配置文件。这里以netca配置：

配置完成后的信息如下：

[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ora10grac-dg)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 15-FEB-2012 09:17:04

Copyright (c) 1991, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=ora10grac-dg)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
Start Date                15-FEB-2012 09:16:03
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ora10grac-dg)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$

三接下去的工作便是配置ASM存储，创建ASM实例：

① 关闭物理备库机器，添加新的硬盘，该硬盘将来用作ASM磁盘，用于数据库的存储。我这里添加两块硬盘/dev/sdb将来用作ASM存储，/dev/sdc将来用作备份用。添加硬盘后的信息如下：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3    7.8G  4.8G  2.6G  66% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /dev/shm
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1        1044     8385898+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2            1045        1305     2096482+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

接下来，分别格式化/dev/sdb、/dev/sdc:

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.


The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): 
Using default value 1305

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.


The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1044.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1044, default 1): 
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1044, default 1044): 
Using default value 1044

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# partprobe 
Warning: Unable to open /dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/hdc has been opened read-only.
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1        1044     8385898+  83  Linux
/dev/sda2            1045        1305     2096482+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        1305    10482381   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1               1        1044     8385898+  83  Linux
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

在这里，顺便给/dev/sdc1做ext3的文件系统，然后挂载到/oracle_backup下，并更改权限，步骤如下：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# mkdir /oracle_backup  
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
1048576 inodes, 2096474 blocks
104823 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2147483648
64 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdc1 /oracle_backup/
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3    7.8G  4.8G  2.6G  66% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdc1     ext3    7.9G  147M  7.4G   2% /oracle_backup
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle_backup/
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# cd / && ll
total 184
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 14 12:26 bin
drwxr-xr-x   3 root   root      4096 Feb 14 11:07 boot
drwxr-xr-x  10 root   root      3800 Feb 15 09:57 dev
drwxr-xr-x  89 root   root     12288 Feb 15 10:03 etc
drwxr-xr-x   3 root   root      4096 Feb 14 14:59 home
drwxr-xr-x  11 root   root      4096 Feb 14 12:26 lib
drwxr-xr-x   7 root   root     12288 Feb 14 12:26 lib64
drwx------   2 root   root     16384 Feb 14 11:00 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 15 09:38 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root         0 Feb 15 09:38 misc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 17  2010 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root         0 Feb 15 09:38 net
drwxr-xr-x   3 root   root      4096 Feb 14 16:43 opt
drwxr-xr-x   3 oracle oinstall  4096 Feb 15 10:03 oracle_backup
dr-xr-xr-x 120 root   root         0 Feb 15 09:37 proc
drwxr-x---  16 root   root      4096 Feb 14 17:46 root
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root     12288 Feb 14 12:26 sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 14 11:01 selinux
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root      4096 Feb 17  2010 srv
drwxr-xr-x  11 root   root         0 Feb 15 09:37 sys
drwxr-xr-x   3 root   root      4096 Feb 14 11:06 tftpboot
drwxrwxrwt  17 root   root      4096 Feb 15 09:51 tmp
drwxr-xr-x   3 oracle oinstall  4096 Feb 14 14:59 u01
drwxr-xr-x  15 root   root      4096 Feb 14 11:05 usr
drwxr-xr-x  22 root   root      4096 Feb 14 11:10 var
[root@ora10grac-dg /]#

② 配置ASM，在这里用裸设备做，不采用oracle 的asmlib进行配置(虽然我个人以前一直使用)，所以在这里也就不需要安装asmlib软件包。

首先，获取/dev/sdb设备的UUID：

[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]# scsi_id -g -v -s /block/sdb
36000c29e0aa117a4e812fb78d5fb3517
[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]#

然后，在/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules文件里添加配置规则如下：

[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]# pwd
/etc/udev/rules.d
[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]# ll
total 156
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   515 Jul  3  2009 05-udev-early.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   900 Mar 31  2010 40-multipath.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15647 Jul  3  2009 50-udev.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   471 Jul  3  2009 51-hotplug.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   143 Jul  4  2009 60-net.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1088 Jun  6  2007 60-pcmcia.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   475 Feb 15 15:30 60-raw.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  9014 Apr  1  2010 60-wacom.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   129 Apr  1  2010 61-uinput-stddev.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   214 Apr  1  2010 61-uinput-wacom.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    61 Feb 15 15:32 65-raw-permissions.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1823 Nov  5  2008 85-pcscd_ccid.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   114 Nov  5  2008 90-alsa.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    61 Jul  3  2009 90-dm.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    82 Apr  1  2010 90-hal.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   107 Jul  3  2009 95-pam-console.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   292 Apr  1  2010 98-kexec.rules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2319 Jul 15  2008 bluetooth.rules
[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]# cat 60-raw.rules 
# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
#   ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
#   ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="36000c29e0aa117a4e812fb78d5fb3517",RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N" 
[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]#

其次，在/etc/udev/rules.d/路径下添加一个权限控制文件，这里命名为65-raw-permissions.rules，其作用是确保操作系统重启后，oracle用户仍然有对裸设备操作的权限。否则，重启系统后，ASM 实例将不可用。

[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]# cat 65-raw-permissions.rules 
KERNEL=="raw1", OWNER="oracle", GROUP="oinstall", MODE="660"
[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]#

最后，重新加载规则，并启动udev：

[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]# /sbin/udevcontrol reload_rules
[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]# /sbin/start_udev 
Starting udev: [  OK  ]
[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]# ll /dev/raw/raw1 
crw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 162, 1 Feb 15 15:34 /dev/raw/raw1
[root@ora10grac-dg rules.d]#

至此，raw设备配置完毕！

③ 创建ASM实例：

首先，确认asm相应的软件包安装成功：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# rpm -qa | grep asm
oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5
oracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

从上，可以看到系统并没有安装asmlib包，因为我们是用裸设备作asm磁盘。

然后，配置ASM服务：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm status
Checking if ASM is loaded: no
Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: no
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver.  The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have.  The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]').  Hitting  without typing an
answer will keep that current value.  Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: oracle
Default group to own the driver interface []: dba
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [  OK  ]
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [  OK  ]
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [  OK  ]
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk /dev/sd*
Device "/dev/sda" is not marked as an ASM disk
Device "/dev/sda1" is not marked as an ASM disk
Device "/dev/sda2" is not marked as an ASM disk
Device "/dev/sdb" is not marked as an ASM disk
Device "/dev/sdb1" is not marked as an ASM disk
Device "/dev/sdc" is not marked as an ASM disk
Device "/dev/sdc1" is not marked as an ASM disk
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm status
Checking if ASM is loaded: yes
Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

从上面的输出中，可以看到asm服务会随着操作系统启动而加载，并且在没有用asmlib包配置asm磁盘的情况下，执行/etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks命令是看不到磁盘的。

其次，oracle用户登录图形界面，执行dbca，进入图形界面进行安装：

单击Next,进入下一步：

选择最后一项，配置ASM，单击Next：

提示需要以root用户执行”/u01/app/oracle/bin/localconfig add”命令来启动CSS服务：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# /u01/app/oracle/bin/localconfig add
/etc/oracle does not exist. Creating it now.
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
Configuration for local CSS has been initialized

Adding to inittab 
Startup will be queued to init within 30 seconds.
Checking the status of new Oracle init process...
Expecting the CRS daemons to be up within 600 seconds.
CSS is active on these nodes.
        ora10grac-dg
CSS is active on all nodes.
Oracle CSS service is installed and running under init(1M)
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# ps -ef | grep css
root     25911     1  0 16:06 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.cssd run
oracle   26151 25911  4 16:06 ?        00:00:01 /u01/app/oracle/bin/ocssd.bin
root     26171  3352  0 16:07 pts/1    00:00:00 grep css
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

执行完上述命令之后，回到图形界面，单击OK，进入下一步：

输入ASM实例的SYS用户的口令，单击Next：

提示，DBCA将创建ASM实例，单击OK，下一步：

这时，可以在操作系统上看到ASM实例的后台进程：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# ps -ef | grep asm_
oracle   26211     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM
oracle   26213     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM
oracle   26215     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM
oracle   26217     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM
oracle   26219     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM
oracle   26221     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM
oracle   26223     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM
oracle   26225     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM
oracle   26227     1  0 16:12 ?        00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM
root     26233  3352  0 16:12 pts/1    00:00:00 grep asm_
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

单击Create New,创建磁盘组，输入磁盘组的名称，oradata,冗余级别选择外部，选中磁盘/dev/raw/raw1，单击Ok：

最后，单击Finish完成ASM实例的创建。

我们，可以在SQL*PLUS的字符命令行下访问asm实例：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@ora10grac-dg ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Feb 15 16:20:45 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string                            /u01/app/oracle/dbs/spfile+ASM
                                                                       .ora
SQL> show parameter asm

NAME                                 TYPE                              VALUE
------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups                       string                            ORADATA
asm_diskstring                       string
asm_power_limit                      integer                           1
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> select name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;

NAME                           STATE                               TOTAL_MB    FREE_MB
------------------------------ --------------------------------- ---------- ----------
ORADATA                        MOUNTED                                10236      10186

SQL>

至此，我们的物理备库已经准备就绪，但是我们的物理备库还没有搭建出来，未完待续！下一篇，介绍物理备库搭建的详细步骤，敬请期待！！！

Oracle 10g RAC 配置物理dataguard系列1：RAC主库信息概览、备库准备工作

2月 14,2012 有1条评论 Dataguard, Experience, Oracle, RAC

最近在学习Oracle dataguard相关知识。本系列就Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5 X86_64位环境下Oracle 10g 10.2.0.5.0双节点RAC数据库配置一套物理dataguard做一记录，一来给自己的学习做一简单记录，二来，同样希望可以给广大网友及Oracle数据库技术爱好者提供思路。

在实施之前，简单介绍下背景、最终目标及配置步骤：

背景介绍：主库是一套运行在Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5 X86_64位环境下Oracle 10g 10.2.0.5.0双节点RAC数据库，主库用的是ASM存储，ASM磁盘利用raw来实现；
最终目标：需要给该主库搭建一套同样是运行在Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5 X86_64位环境下的物理备库，并且能够switchover，确保高可用
配置步骤： 1 了解现有主库的配置信息；

2 搭建一台干净的新机器，用于创建物理备库使用；

3 在物理备机上安装oracle数据库软件，并且升级到同主库软件版本一致，即10.2.0.5.0；

4 在物理备机上创建ASM实例，ASM磁盘同样选择裸设备来实现；

5 配置物理备库；

6 确认switchover成功，双节点RAC+physical standby既可提供实例级别容灾(RAC功能)又可以提供存储级别容灾(Dataguard功能)，做到真正的高可用！

本篇是整个实施过程的系列1：本篇的内容主要是查看主库基本配置信息，及创建一台干净的Linux服务器，用作备库。

一首先了解下现有双节点RAC数据库配置信息：

1 节点1系统基本信息：

[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# hostname 
oracle-rac1.gillion.com.cn
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# uname -rm
2.6.18-194.0.0.0.3.el5 x86_64
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
              ext3     20G   12G  6.8G  64% /
/dev/sda1     ext3     99M   19M   75M  21% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:3A:B8:31  
          inet addr:172.16.0.33  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe3a:b831/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:836563 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:10459 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:73068451 (69.6 MiB)  TX bytes:2856621 (2.7 MiB)
eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:3A:B8:31  
          inet addr:172.16.0.35  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:3A:B8:3B  
          inet addr:192.168.139.13  Bcast:192.168.139.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe3a:b83b/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1484344 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:707841 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:327352385 (312.1 MiB)  TX bytes:353601291 (337.2 MiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:265726 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:265726 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:61035429 (58.2 MiB)  TX bytes:61035429 (58.2 MiB)
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost
172.16.0.33             oracle-rac1.gillion.com.cn oracle-rac1
172.16.0.35             oracle-rac1-vip oracle-rac1-vip.gillion.com.cn
192.168.139.13          oracle-rac1-priv
172.16.0.34             oracle-rac2.gillion.com.cn oracle-rac2
172.16.0.36             oracle-rac2-vip oracle-rac2-vip.gillion.com.cn
192.168.139.14          oracle-rac2-priv
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? glndb
[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=glndb1
[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=glndb1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$

2 节点1数据库基本信息：

[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$ sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Feb 14 09:11:00 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.5.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
SQL> select dbid,name,created,log_mode,db_unique_name from gv$database;
      DBID NAME      CREATED             LOG_MODE     DB_UNIQUE_NAME
---------- --------- ------------------- ------------ ---------
3995745524 GLNDB     2010/08/03 10:44:04 ARCHIVELOG   glndb
3995745524 GLNDB     2010/08/03 10:44:04 ARCHIVELOG   glndb
SQL> show parameter db_name;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------
db_name                              string      glndb
SQL> show parameter db_unique;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------
db_unique_name                       string      glndb
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/arch1
Oldest online log sequence     7699
Next log sequence to archive   7700
Current log sequence           7700
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      +ORADATA/glndb/spfileglndb.ora
SQL>

3 节点2基本信息：

[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# hostname 
oracle-rac2.gillion.com.cn
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# uname -rm
2.6.18-194.0.0.0.3.el5 x86_64
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
              ext3     20G   12G  6.9G  63% /
/dev/sda1     ext3     99M   19M   75M  21% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D1:B5:4C  
          inet addr:172.16.0.34  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed1:b54c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:833250 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8442 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:72725394 (69.3 MiB)  TX bytes:2440410 (2.3 MiB)
eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D1:B5:4C  
          inet addr:172.16.0.36  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D1:B5:56  
          inet addr:192.168.139.14  Bcast:192.168.139.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed1:b556/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1534148 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:655976 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:424024468 (404.3 MiB)  TX bytes:256611983 (244.7 MiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:274642 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:274642 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:61783289 (58.9 MiB)  TX bytes:61783289 (58.9 MiB)
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost
172.16.0.33             oracle-rac1.gillion.com.cn oracle-rac1
172.16.0.35             oracle-rac1-vip oracle-rac1-vip.gillion.com.cn
192.168.139.13          oracle-rac1-priv
172.16.0.34             oracle-rac2.gillion.com.cn oracle-rac2
172.16.0.36             oracle-rac2-vip oracle-rac2-vip.gillion.com.cn
192.168.139.14          oracle-rac2-priv
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? glndb
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=glndb2
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=glndb2
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$

4 点2数据库基本信息：

[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Feb 14 09:25:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.5.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
SQL> set line 160
SQL> select dbid,name,created,log_mode,db_unique_name from gv$database;
      DBID NAME      CREATED             LOG_MODE     DB_UNIQUE_NAME
---------- --------- ------------------- ------------ ---------
3995745524 GLNDB     2010/08/03 10:44:04 ARCHIVELOG   glndb
3995745524 GLNDB     2010/08/03 10:44:04 ARCHIVELOG   glndb
SQL> show parameter db_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- --------------
db_name                              string      glndb
SQL> show parameter db_unique
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- --------------
db_unique_name                       string      glndb
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/arch2
Oldest online log sequence     3270
Next log sequence to archive   3271
Current log sequence           3271
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      +ORADATA/glndb/spfileglndb.ora
SQL>

5 数据文件、控制文件基本信息：

SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024 M from v$datafile
  2  union
  3  select name,0 from v$controlfile
  4  order by 2
  5  ;
NAME                                                        M
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
+ORADATA/glndb/controlfile/current.256.726057849            0
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/example.435.756233417               2
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/users.265.726057871                 2
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/undotbs3.268.774870843            200
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/undotbs2.264.726057869            261
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/sysaux.262.726057863             1290
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/system.260.726057851             6039
7 rows selected.
SQL>

6 联机日志文件信息：

SQL> select * from v$log;
    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- -------------------
         1          1       7700   52428800          1 NO  CURRENT              445626703 2012/02/13 23:06:00
         2          1       7699   52428800          1 YES INACTIVE             445622543 2012/02/13 23:05:29
         4          2       3271   52428800          1 NO  CURRENT              445627780 2012/02/13 23:05:58
         5          2       3270   52428800          1 YES INACTIVE             445332258 2012/02/13 09:05:39
SQL>

7 资源状态信息：

[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host        
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.glndb.db   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora...._svc.cs application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....db1.srv application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....b1.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....b2.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....svc2.cs application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....db2.srv application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....ac1.gsd application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....ac1.ons application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....ac1.vip application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....ac2.gsd application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....ac2.ons application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....ac2.vip application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$

二在获取了RAC主库的基本信息之后，接下来搭建一套新的机器做物理dataguard用

本文采用的是在一套虚拟机上搭建另外的备库机器，该虚拟机软件是VMware ESX 4.0，该软件其实可以认为是一个操作系统，是直接装在物理机器上的，有别于Vmware公司的VMware Server、VMware Workstation软件，后两者是先需要有操作系统，然后在操作系统上安装该虚拟机软件。而且，VMware ESX 4.0虚拟机软件相对来说也要比后两者稳定。

用Vmware vSphere Client工具登录虚拟机控制台：

登录控制台后，虚拟机信息概览：

2 选择File–New–Virtual Machine，新建虚拟机命名为10gRAC-Dataguard：

3 接下来一步一步走，同在VMware Server、VMware Workstation里创建新虚拟机一样，在此不再赘述。配置后的虚拟机概览如下：

4 给10gRAC-Dataguard加电，开始安装操作系统，虚拟机磁盘分区如下：

5 虚拟机网络配置信息如下：

IPv4:172.16.0.202

Netmask:255.255.240.0

Gateway:172.16.15.254

DNS:Null

Hostname:ora10grac-dg

6 软件包安装时，选择客户化，其中，下述是选择要安装的软件包：

Desktop Environments：GNOME Desktop Environment

Applications:

Editors

Graphics

Development:

Development Libraries

Development Tools

GNOME Software Development

Legacy Software Development

X software Development

Base System:

Administration Tools

Base

Legacy Software Support

System Tools （其中，选择oracleasm软件包。注：默认情况下并没有oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5软件包，如果采用asmlib来管理和创建asm磁盘的话，仍需要后续手工安装该RPM包，否则将来配置ASM存储时会找不到ASM磁盘！！！）

暂时，先安装这些软件包，稍后在安装oracle软件时，如有缺失软件包的话，再续安装，至于其它的Server，虚拟化，集群软件包一概不装！

7 接下来，进行格式化文件系统，进入系统安装。稍后，还有一些后续的配置工作，记得不要开启SELinux并且关闭防火墙！最后，一台新的虚拟机配置成功，登录界面如下：

8 新虚拟机基本信息如下：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# hostname 
ora10grac-dg
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# uptime 
 11:17:18 up 2 min,  2 users,  load average: 1.98, 1.23, 0.47
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3    7.8G  2.8G  4.7G  37% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /dev/shm
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:2E:60:24  
          inet addr:172.16.0.202  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2e:6024/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:3356 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:196 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:333071 (325.2 KiB)  TX bytes:21084 (20.5 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:1056 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1056 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:1753796 (1.6 MiB)  TX bytes:1753796 (1.6 MiB)
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# uname -rm
2.6.18-194.el5 x86_64
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

这样，一台新的物理备库机器配置成功！接下来需要在该机器上安装oracle软件，配置ASM，升级oracle软件到10.2.0.5.0版本，下篇继续！

删除undo表空间遇到ORA-30013及ORA-01548的解决思路

2月 10,2012 留下评论 Oracle

今天在一套RAC环境下删除、切换其中一个实例的undo表空间时，遭遇ORA-30013及ORA-01548的错误，下面记录过程及解决方法。

1 创建新的UNDO表空间UNDOTBS3，并将当前实例的UNDO切换到UNDOTBS3之后，删除旧的UNDOTBS1时，遇到下述错误：

SQL> drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles;
drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-30013: undo tablespace 'UNDOTBS1' is currently in use

2 从上可以看到UNDOTBS1目前正在被使用。查询MetaLink,Unable to Drop Undo Tablespace ORA-30013 [ID 835944.1]获取基本思路，依据该文档给出的提示，执行下述命令：

SQL> select segment_name,owner,tablespace_name,status from dba_rollback_segs 
  2  where tablespace_name='UNDOTBS1' and status = 'ONLINE';

SEGMENT_NAME     OWNER  TABLESPACE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------ ------------------ ---------
_SYSSMU2$        PUBLIC UNDOTBS1           ONLINE
_SYSSMU3$        PUBLIC UNDOTBS1           ONLINE
_SYSSMU6$        PUBLIC UNDOTBS1           ONLINE
_SYSSMU8$        PUBLIC UNDOTBS1           ONLINE
SQL> SELECT KTUXEUSN, KTUXESLT, KTUXESQN, /* Transaction ID */ KTUXESTA Status,
  2  KTUXECFL Flags FROM x$ktuxe WHERE ktuxesta!='INACTIVE';
  KTUXEUSN   KTUXESLT   KTUXESQN STATUS           FLAGS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------------------
         2         38     583286 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         3         29     982959 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         6         14     945326 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         8          7     957413 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
        13         19     507098 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|EXTDTX
SQL> select local_tran_id, state from dba_2pc_pending; 
LOCAL_TRAN_ID          STATE
---------------------- ----------------
14.28.100017           collecting
2.38.583286            prepared
8.7.957413             prepared
3.29.982959            prepared
6.14.945326            prepared
13.19.507098           prepared
6 rows selected.

3 从上步的结果，结合文档ID 835944.1，基本上可以找到问题的原因：当前数据库中有未结束的分布式事务，而这些未结束的分布式事务占用了UNDOTBS1，最终导致不能删除UNDOTBS1。文档ID 835944.1给出的解决方案是结束掉这些分布式事务。MetaLink上给出的思路是参照 Note 401302.1文档，而不凑巧的是，现在这篇文档无法查看，不得已，尝试重启数据库并删除UNDOTBS1。重启之后，alert日志里看到如下错误信息：

*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$BACKGROUND) 2012-02-10 11:27:15.527
*** SESSION ID:(431.1) 2012-02-10 11:27:15.527
*** 2012-02-10 11:27:15.527
ERROR, tran=14.28.100017, session#=1, ose=0:
ORA-02019: connection description for remote database not found
ORA-02019: connection description for remote database not found
*** 2012-02-10 11:27:50.676
ERROR, tran=14.28.100017, session#=1, ose=0:
ORA-02019: connection description for remote database not found
ORA-02019: connection description for remote database not found
*** 2012-02-10 11:28:42.707
ERROR, tran=14.28.100017, session#=1, ose=0:
ORA-02019: connection description for remote database not found
ORA-02019: connection description for remote database not found

尝试再次删除UNDOTBS1：

SQL> drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles;
drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01548: active rollback segment '_SYSSMU2$' found, terminate dropping tablespace

这次报出ORA-01548的错误！！！原来还是分布式事务未提交导致的：

SQL> SELECT KTUXEUSN, KTUXESLT, KTUXESQN, /* Transaction ID */ KTUXESTA Status,
  2  KTUXECFL Flags FROM x$ktuxe WHERE ktuxesta!='INACTIVE';
  KTUXEUSN   KTUXESLT   KTUXESQN STATUS           FLAGS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------------------
         2         38     583286 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         3         29     982959 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         6         14     945326 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         8          7     957413 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
        13         19     507098 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|EXTDTX
SQL> select local_tran_id, state from dba_2pc_pending; 
LOCAL_TRAN_ID          STATE
---------------------- ----------------
14.28.100017           collecting
2.38.583286            prepared
8.7.957413             prepared
3.29.982959            prepared
6.14.945326            prepared
13.19.507098           prepared
6 rows selected.
SQL>

4 继续MetaLink：ORA-1548 Dropping UNDO Tablespace Distributed Transaction Pending:Prepared / Dead [ID 1321093.1]根据该文档，执行下述命令：

SQL> Select segment_id,segment_name,status,tablespace_name
  2  from dba_rollback_segs where status not in ('ONLINE','OFFLINE');

SEGMENT_ID SEGMENT_NAME                   STATUS           TABLESPACE_NAME
---------- ------------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------------
         2 _SYSSMU2$                      PARTLY AVAILABLE UNDOTBS1
         3 _SYSSMU3$                      PARTLY AVAILABLE UNDOTBS1
         6 _SYSSMU6$                      PARTLY AVAILABLE UNDOTBS1
         8 _SYSSMU8$                      PARTLY AVAILABLE UNDOTBS1
SQL>

You find you have segments that are 'Partly Available' This usually means they still have active transactions pending and you can not drop the tablespace until the transaction is committed or rolled back. 当回滚段状态为Partly Available时，说明还是有事务没结束！！！

SQL> SELECT KTUXEUSN, KTUXESLT, KTUXESQN, /* Transaction ID */
  2  KTUXESTA Status,
  3  KTUXECFL Flags
  4  FROM x$ktuxe
  5  WHERE ktuxesta!='INACTIVE'
  6  AND ktuxeusn
  7  in(2,3,6,8);

  KTUXEUSN   KTUXESLT   KTUXESQN STATUS           FLAGS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- ------------------------
         2         38     583286 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         3         29     982959 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         6         14     945326 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
         8          7     957413 PREPARED         SCO|COL|REV|DEAD|EXTDTX
SQL> select local_tran_id, state from dba_2pc_pending; 

LOCAL_TRAN_ID          STATE
---------------------- ----------------
14.28.100017           collecting
2.38.583286            prepared
8.7.957413             prepared
3.29.982959            prepared
6.14.945326            prepared
13.19.507098           prepared

6 rows selected.

SQL>

通过上面的结果，看到2、3、6、8号回滚段上有活动的事务。该文档依然指出解决方案是查看Note 401302.1文档，而该文档又无法打开，不得已Google之，参照 http://blog.itpub.net/post/38439/477038 获得解决问题的最终方法。

5 根据http://blog.itpub.net/post/38439/477038 直接强制提交这些活动的分布式事务：

SQL> select local_tran_id, state from dba_2pc_pending; 

LOCAL_TRAN_ID          STATE
---------------------- ----------------
14.28.100017           collecting
2.38.583286            prepared
8.7.957413             prepared
3.29.982959            prepared
6.14.945326            prepared
13.19.507098           prepared

6 rows selected.

SQL> commit force '2.38.583286';

Commit complete.

SQL> select local_tran_id, state from dba_2pc_pending; 

LOCAL_TRAN_ID          STATE
---------------------- ----------------
14.28.100017           collecting
2.38.583286            forced commit
8.7.957413             prepared
3.29.982959            prepared
6.14.945326            prepared
13.19.507098           prepared

6 rows selected.

SQL> commit force '8.7.957413';

Commit complete.

SQL> commit force '3.29.982959';

Commit complete.

SQL> commit force '6.14.945326';

Commit complete.

SQL> commit force '13.19.507098';

Commit complete.

SQL> select local_tran_id, state from dba_2pc_pending; 

LOCAL_TRAN_ID          STATE
---------------------- ----------------
14.28.100017           collecting
2.38.583286            forced commit
8.7.957413             forced commit
3.29.982959            forced commit
6.14.945326            forced commit
13.19.507098           forced commit

6 rows selected.

SQL> Select segment_id,segment_name,status,tablespace_name           
  2  from dba_rollback_segs where status not in ('ONLINE','OFFLINE');

no rows selected

SQL> SELECT KTUXEUSN, KTUXESLT, KTUXESQN, /* Transaction ID */ 
  2  KTUXESTA Status,                                          
  3  KTUXECFL Flags                                            
  4  FROM x$ktuxe                                              
  5  WHERE ktuxesta!='INACTIVE'                                
  6  AND ktuxeusn                                              
  7  in(2,3,6,8);                                              

no rows selected

SQL> drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.

SQL>

6 终于干掉了那个旧的UNDO，而此时，alert日志里的信息如下：

Fri Feb 10 15:08:16 CST 2012
DISTRIB TRAN 44444444.D7D4863A714B974489CD48496956271900000000
  is local tran 2.38.583286 (hex=02.26.8e676)
  change pending prepared tran, scn=125560421 (hex=0.077be665)
  to     pending forced commit tran, scn= (hex=0.00000000) 
Fri Feb 10 15:08:56 CST 2012
DISTRIB TRAN 44444444.D88A6D59B486E44D8BAD8DABFDCF289C00000000
  is local tran 8.7.957413 (hex=08.07.e9be5)
  change pending prepared tran, scn=194136242 (hex=0.0b9248b2)
  to     pending forced commit tran, scn= (hex=0.00000000) 
Fri Feb 10 15:09:08 CST 2012
DISTRIB TRAN 44444444.4A67F0F3F3EA464081883577EE646AAB00000000
  is local tran 3.29.982959 (hex=03.1d.effaf)
  change pending prepared tran, scn=195270309 (hex=0.0ba396a5)
  to     pending forced commit tran, scn= (hex=0.00000000) 
Fri Feb 10 15:09:20 CST 2012
DISTRIB TRAN 44444444.97CB87A6BAE9E943B761C9C7FDA9844600000000
  is local tran 6.14.945326 (hex=06.0e.e6cae)
  change pending prepared tran, scn=196753377 (hex=0.0bba37e1)
  to     pending forced commit tran, scn= (hex=0.00000000) 
Fri Feb 10 15:09:36 CST 2012
DISTRIB TRAN 44444444.192AEFF6D316B2468F5D74FE5EBDC9EC00000000
  is local tran 13.19.507098 (hex=0d.13.7bcda)
  change pending prepared tran, scn=332059676 (hex=0.13cad41c)
  to     pending forced commit tran, scn= (hex=0.00000000) 
Fri Feb 10 15:13:17 CST 2012
drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles
Fri Feb 10 15:13:25 CST 2012
Deleted Oracle managed file +ORADATA/glndb/datafile/undotbs1.261.726057859
Completed: drop tablespace undotbs1 including contents and datafiles

7 总结：对于分布式事务，目前还不是很清楚。而这个案例中涉及到的情况还有可能出现更为复杂的情况，需要深入研究一下，而我遇到的这种情况属于比较简单的。

删除用户报ORA-24005错误及解决办法

2月 9,2012 有1条评论 Oracle

在一套10.2.0.5.0的双节点RAC数据库上，删除用户时报出ORA-00604及ORA-24005的错误：

 
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.5.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
SQL> drop user gdhytest cascade;
drop user gdhytest cascade
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-24005: must use DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE to drop queue tables
SQL>

后经查找MetaLink：Ora-24005 Error Trying To Drop User Sysman Cascade [ID 456437.1] 找到原因：被删除的用户ghhytest拥有queue table。

 
SQL> set pagesize 100 
SQL> col object_name format a40 
SQL> select object_name,object_type from dba_objects
  2  where owner='GDHYTEST' AND OBJECT_NAME LIKE '%AQ%'
  3  ;
OBJECT_NAME                              OBJECT_TYPE
---------------------------------------- -------------------
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H              TABLE
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_I              TABLE
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_NR             TABLE
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_T              TABLE
AQ$_GPS_TEMP_QUEUE_TABLE_NR              TABLE
SQL>

解决方法：

1 gdhytest登录数据库，执行DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE进行删除queue talbe:

 
SQL> conn gdhytest/gdhytest
Connected.
SQL> exec DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H',
force=>true);
BEGIN DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H',
force=>true); END;
      *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PLS-00201: identifier 'DBMS_AQADM' must be declared
ORA-06550: line 1, column 7:
PL/SQL: Statement ignored

2 发现权限不够，赋权，重新删除：

 
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> grant dba to gdhytest;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn gdhytest/gdhytest
Connected.
SQL> exec DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H',
force=>true);
BEGIN DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H',
force=>true); END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-24019: identifier for QUEUE_TABLE too long, should not be greater than 24
characters
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_AQADM_SYS", line 4310
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_AQADM", line 197
ORA-06512: at line 1
SQL> exec DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H',
force=>true);
BEGIN DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H',
force=>true); END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-24002: QUEUE_TABLE GDHYTEST.GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H does not exist
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_AQADM_SYS", line 4310
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_AQADM", line 197
ORA-06512: at line 1

3 依然报错！！！QUEUE_TABLE too long,不得已，重命名queue table进行删除：

 
SQL> rename  AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_H to queue1;
Table renamed.
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_I    TABLE
SYS_IOT_OVER_60452             TABLE
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_NR   TABLE
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_T    TABLE
SYS_IOT_OVER_60459             TABLE
AQ$_GPS_TEMP_QUEUE_TABLE_NR    TABLE
QUEUE1                         TABLE
7 rows selected.
SQL> exec DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'QUEUE1',force=>true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_I    TABLE
SYS_IOT_OVER_60452             TABLE
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_NR   TABLE
AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_T    TABLE
SYS_IOT_OVER_60459             TABLE
AQ$_GPS_TEMP_QUEUE_TABLE_NR    TABLE
6 rows selected.
SQL>

4 如法炮制，重命名其它queue table,然后执行删除：

 
SQL> rename AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_I to queue_a;
Table renamed.
SQL> rename AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_NR to queue_b;
Table renamed.
SQL> rename AQ$_GPSSTATUS_QUEUE_TABLE_T to queue_c;
Table renamed.
SQL> rename aq$_GPS_TEMP_QUEUE_TABLE_NR to queue_d;
Table renamed.
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME                          TABTYPE  CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
SYS_IOT_OVER_60452             TABLE
SYS_IOT_OVER_60459             TABLE
QUEUE_B                        TABLE
QUEUE_A                        TABLE
QUEUE_C                        TABLE
QUEUE_D                        TABLE
6 rows selected.
SQL> exec DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'QUEUE_A',force=>true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'QUEUE_B',force=>true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'QUEUE_C',force=>true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec DBMS_AQADM.DROP_QUEUE_TABLE(queue_table=>'QUEUE_D',force=>true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select * from tab;
no rows selected

5 最后彻底删除gdhytest用户：

 
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> drop user gdhytest cascade;
User dropped.
SQL>

调试存储过程：ORA-0131 Insufficient privileges 处理

2月 7,2012 留下评论 Oracle

昨天，一开发同事反映说在PL/SQL Developer工具里无法调试存储过程，报错信息如下：

ORA-0131:Insufficient privileges.

Note:Debugging requires the DEBUG CONNECT SESSION system privileges.

后经查找，是缺失 DEBUG CONNECT SESSION 系统权限所致。

解决办法：以SYS用户登录数据库，执行赋权操作：

SQL> grant  DEBUG CONNECT SESSION to user_name;

附1：有网友指出还需赋予DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE的权限，经测试，该权限可不用赋予！

附2：可以从数据字典role_sys_privs表查看该权限相关信息：

SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> select * from role_sys_privs where privilege like 'DEBUG%' order by 2;
ROLE             PRIVILEGE                ADM
---------------- ------------------------ ---
DBA              DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE      YES
JAVADEBUGPRIV    DEBUG ANY PROCEDURE      NO
DBA              DEBUG CONNECT SESSION    YES
JAVADEBUGPRIV    DEBUG CONNECT SESSION    NO

简单记录，以作备忘！

知识还是点点记录好！

impdp ORA-31655错误处理一例

2月 3,2012 留下评论 IMPDP, Oracle

今天上午，收到开发同事发过来的邮件：

需要将从之前用EXPDP备份的dump文件中，将某张表还原到一个新的schema下。

电话沟通后，原来是想要将逻辑备份的dump文件中FR8_ZH这个用户下的SB_DATA_RIGHT，导入到同库下的FR8_TEST9这个schema下。

① 于是开始干活：

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>impdp directory=my_dump dumpfile=2012-01 -23.dmp logfile=fr8_test9.log remap_schema=fr8_zh:fr8_test9 tables=SB_DATA_RIGHT
Import: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 星期五, 03 2月, 2012 11:32:53
Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
用户名: sys/oracle as sysdba
连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 
ORA-31655: 尚未为作业选择数据或元数据对象 
已成功加载/卸载了主表 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"
 启动 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  sys/******** AS SYSDBA directory=my_dump dump file=2012-01-23.dmp logfile=fr8_test9.log remap_schema=fr8_zh:fr8_test9 tables=S B_DATA_RIGHT 
作业 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" 已于 11:33:19 成功完成

发现，报出ORA-31655的错误！！！

而

SQL> !oerr ora 31655
 31655, 00000, "no data or metadata objects selected for job" 
// *Cause:  After the job parameters and filters were applied, 
//          the job specified by the user did not reference any objects. 
// *Action: Verify that the mode of the job specified objects to be moved. 
//          For command line clients, verify that the INCLUDE, EXCLUDE and 
//          CONTENT parameters were correctly set.  For DBMS_DATAPUMP API 
//          users, verify that the metadata filters, data filters, and 
//          parameters that were supplied on the job were correctly set.
SQL>

而ORA-31655的错误是说，在导入数据的命令中，impdp没有找到正确的对象元数据。

② 加上INCLUDE关键字，重新执行导入：

 
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>impdp directory="my_dump" dumpfile=2012- 01-23.dmp logfile=fr8_test9.log remap_schema=fr8_zh:fr8_test9 tables=SB_DATA_RIG HT include=table:\"like \'SB_DATA_RIGHT%\'\"
Import: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 星期五, 03 2月, 2012 11:36:35
Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
用户名: sys/oracle as sysdba
连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 
ORA-31655: 尚未为作业选择数据或元数据对象 已成功加载/卸载了主表 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" 
启动 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  sys/******** AS SYSDBA directory=my_dump dump file=2012-01-23.dmp logfile=fr8_test9.log remap_schema=fr8_zh:fr8_test9 tables=S B_DATA_RIGHT include=table:"like \'SB_DATA_RIGHT%\'
" 作业 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" 已于 11:37:02 成功完成

发现依然报ORA-31655的错误！

③ 不得已，查找Metalink，ORA-31655 On imdp As a Privileged User Wih INCLUDE= After Upgrade To 10.2.0.5/11.2 [ID 1225108.1] 得到下述的解决办法：

Applies to:

Oracle Server – Enterprise Edition – Version: 10.2.0.5 and later [Release: 10.2 and later ]
Oracle Server – Enterprise Edition – Version: 11.2.0.1.0 to 11.2.0.2.0 [Release: 11.2 to 11.2]
Information in this document applies to any platform.

Symptoms

Datapump import raises an ORA-31655 “no data or metadata objects selected for job” on import when using the REMAP_SCHEMA and INCLUDE= clauses when performed as a privileged user (i.e. a user with the IMP_FULL_DATABASE role).

Changes

The database has been upgraded to 10.2.0.5 or 11.2.

Cause

This is intended behavior and occurs due to the fix for bug:6831823 which went in to 11.2 and 10.2.0.5.

The ORA-31655 error is now signaled following the fix for bug:6831823, as that bug which existed in previous versions meant that if a privileged user performed a table import from a full export dump, and the specified table name existed in multiple schemas, then all the tables would be imported where as only the table for the importing user should have been imported, as documented in the Oracle� Database Utilities 10g Release 2 (10.2) manual, chapter 3 ‘Data Pump Import’, under the definition of the TABLES= clause, which states “If you do not supply a schema_name, it defaults to that of the current user”. This also applies to the INCLUDE= clause, and hence the error is now raised.

Documentation bug:10140472 has been created to get this more clearly stated under the INCLUDE and REMAP_SCHEMA options in future documentation sets.

Solution

Perform the import using the TABLES= clause rather than the INCLUDE=TABLE: clause, e.g.:

Change From:

impdp system directory=data_pump_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp remap_schema=scott:scott_test include=TABLE:\”IN $\’EMP\’, \’DEP\’$\”

To:

impdp system directory=data_pump_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp remap_schema=scott:scott_test tables=SCOTT.EMP,SCOTT.DEPT

impdp scott directory=data_pump_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp remap_schema=scott:scott_test include=TABLE:\”IN $\’EMP\’, \’DEPT\’$\”

找到问题的原因后，执行下述命令重新导入成功！

 
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>impdp directory="my_dump" dumpfile=2012- 01-23.dmp logfile=fr8_test9.log remap_schema=fr8_zh:fr8_test9 tables=fr8_zh.sb_d ata_right
Import: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 星期五, 03 2月, 2012 11:48:02
Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
用户名: sys/oracle as sysdba
连接到: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 
已成功加载/卸载了主表 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" 启动 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01":  sys/******** AS SYSDBA directory=my_dump dump file=2012-01-23.dmp logfile=fr8_test9.log remap_schema=fr8_zh:fr8_test9 tables=f r8_zh.sb_data_right 
处理对象类型 SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE 
处理对象类型 SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA 
. . 导入了 "FR8_TEST9"."SB_DATA_RIGHT"                 5.328 MB    4484 行 
处理对象类型 SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX 
处理对象类型 SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT 
处理对象类型 SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS 
处理对象类型 SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT 
处理对象类型 SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
 作业 "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" 已于 11:48:49 成功完成

最后，登录数据库后，检查FR8_TEST9用户下的SB_DATA_RIGHT表中的数据，发现一切正常。

解决ORA-12516错误一则

1月 30,2012 有1条评论 Oracle

在上周五晚上通宵加班将一套10.2.0.5.0的Linux 虚拟机环境下的数据量为260GB 的双节点RAC数据库顺利迁移至一台物理机器的开发数据库后，这两天开发的同事反映说连不上物理机开发库了。

起初，我也没有太在意，的确是因为这两天公司内部网络不太正常，ping物理开发库延时比较严重，偶有timed out现象，就一直以为是网络的问题了。直到中午的时候，同事说网络基本正常了，用PL/SQL Developer客户端工具连数据库的时候报出Ora-12516的错误，这才引起了我的注意！

上Metalink查了一下，看了“Troubleshooting Guide TNS-12519 TNS-12516 ORA-12519 ORA-12516 [ID 552765.1]”的文章后，才知道了自己迁移数据库后粗心大意犯下的错误。原来的RAC数据库中每个实例中都将process初始化参数都设置了400，sessions=445，而现在是单台数据库对外提供服务，导致会话数不够用，最终导致的Ora-12516的错误！其实，对于这种开发库而言，公司的开发同事并不多，怎么可能导致445个会话还不够连接使用呢？其实，造成问题的最根本原因是开发人员的应用程序中的连接池配置的有问题，连接数配置过高导致的！！！！

找到了问题的基本原因后，就将process初始化参数从400改为600，进而sessions自动被置为665，transactions参数自动置为731。然后，重启数据库。

在oracle数据库的初始化参数中，有一类参数是推倒参数，其中：

sessions=1.1*processes+5,transactions=1.1*sessions.

这样，问题得到了基本的解决。

事后，又出现了一些不痛不痒的问题。

这不，年后简单记录下发生在这个春节前的种种问题，及解决问题的方法：

① 会话数不够用，导致Ora-12516的错误。解决方法，加大process初始化参数，或者通知修改应用程序中的连接数；

② 通过在数据库端配置profile来控制每个会话的活动时间，过期由数据库自动断开会话；

③ 通过使用共享服务器模式来控制数据库服务器端的进程资源；

④ 最头大的问题就是，有个开发的同事将自己PC机器的IP地址设置了同数据库服务器相同的IP地址，导致其他开发人员一直连接不上数据库！！！这个问题可不是第一次遇见，解决办法，协同网络管理员将数据库服务器IP绑定到MAC。

其实，这本来是去年春节前遇到的一则案例，后来由于太忙，赶着要回家，于是拖到了今天才发布出来！

Oracle OCP考试1z0-007系列2:学会使用WHERE和ORDER BY从句

12月 14,2011 留下评论 OCP, Oracle, SQL

继上篇日志，Oracle OCP考试1z0-007系列1:学会使用基本的SQL语句后，本篇是系列2，学会使用WHERE和ORDER BY从句。本篇是1z0-007课程的第二章，主要内容： 1 学会使用WHERE从句从结果集中过滤数据； 2 学会使用ORDER BY从句对结果集进行排序。本篇内容比较简单，只涉及到WHERE从句和ORDER BY从句两个知识点。附：具体文档和讲义。

Lesson02 学会使用WHERE、ORDER BY子句

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Oracle OCP考试1z0-007系列1:学会使用基本的SQL语句

12月 8,2011 留下评论 OCP, Oracle, SQL

在上一篇博文里提到Oracle OCP考试1z0-007考试的题库。从本篇开始，将带来Oracle OCP 1z0-007考试的相关文档和资料。

本篇是1z0-007课程的第一章，主要内容：
1 学会使用基本的SQL语句；
2 了解SQL语句的功能；
3 学会如何执行基本的SQL语句；
4 了解SQL语句与iSQL*PLUS命令的差别。

附：下述是具体文档和讲义。

Lesson01 学会使用基本的SQL语句

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Oracle OCP考试1z0-007题库

12月 2,2011 留下评论 OCP, Oracle

有不少学习Oracle的同学，或者是已经从事Oracle DBA相关工作的职场人士，都想通过Oracle官方考试，获取OCP证书，从而提高自己的技能、含金量。

然而，拥有Oracle OCP证书并不能代表您的Oracle技能水平就与众不同，但是至少对于新入行的DBA来说，证书至少是敲门砖。相比之下，拥有证书的DBA也应该更受雇主青睐。即使，目前市面上到处飘着的都是Oracle OCP，随手一抓就是一大把，我想，我们绝对不可以只做Paper DBA,我们每一个通过自己认真看书、学习、总结、实践，通过自身不断努力，凭借硬实力，而非背题库，最终顺利获取OCP证书的过来人来讲，证书对于我们还是有意义的，即使它只是一张纸而已！

好了，不过多堆砌文字了，奉上经典的Oracle 9i 1z0-007考试的题库，希望可以对即将准备OCP考试的网友们有益。

Oracle OCP 1Z0-007题库

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一 安装oracle软件，在一台干净的Linux服务器上安装一套oracle 10g数据库软件，需要完成以下任务：