在前一篇文章中提到阅读Oracle 11gR2 Administrator‘s Guide(文档编号E25494-01)时,简单描述了DDL_LOCK_TIMEOUT参数。在Oracle 11gR2 Administrator‘s Guide文档的chapter 2 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Database章节时,提到手工建库,本文简单记录一下,如何在OEL 5.5 X86_64位环境下,手工创建及删除11.2.0.1.0的数据库,将文件放到文件系统上存放。当然,利用DBCA来建库、删库比较简单,就不再赘述了。具体操作步骤如下:
1 前提条件,操作系统上已经安装好Oracle 11gR2 的软件,其中环境变量ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle,ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1;
[root@OCM11g ~]# su - oracle OCM11g-> env | grep ORA ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 OCM11g->
2 确认环境变量,本例中选择ORACLE_SID=manualdb,ORACLE_HOME选用原有的/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1;
OCM11g-> id uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1201(asmdba),1300(dba),1301(oper) OCM11g-> uname -rm 2.6.18-194.el5 x86_64 OCM11g-> export ORACLE_SID=manualdb OCM11g-> env | grep ORA ORACLE_SID=manualdb ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 OCM11g->
3 创建初始化参数文件,这里将参数文件放到系统默认的路径下,即$ORACLE_HOME/dbs,命名为initmanualdb.ora,其内容如下:
OCM11g-> cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initmanualdb.ora db_name=manualdb memory_target=600m OCM11g->
简单起见,我们只在初始化参数文件中指定了db_name,memory_target这两个参数。我们知道,启动数据库实例的最少参数只需要一个db_name即可,这里选择db_name=manualdb,附加一个memory_target=600m,这个是11g的新参数,用于控制SGA+PGA的总大小。当然,也可以在参数文件中指定control_files,如果该参数被忽略的话,那么Oracle会自动在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs路径下创建一个名为cntrl$ORACLE_SID.dbf的控制文件。
4 准备将来存放数据文件、日志文件的路径。这两类文件的路径如下:
datafile:
OCM11g-> mkdir -p /u02/manualdb/oradata
online log:
OCM11g-> mkdir -p /u02/manualdb/onlinelog OCM11g-> ll /u02/manualdb/ total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 30 10:56 onlinelog drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Mar 30 10:56 oradata OCM11g->
5 启动manualdb实例到NOMOUNT状态,其实,在该环境下,我们的控制文件尚未生成,实例至多也只能加载到NOMOUNT状态:
OCM11g-> id uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1201(asmdba),1300(dba),1301(oper) OCM11g-> env | grep ORA ORACLE_SID=manualdb ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 OCM11g-> sqlplus SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Mar 30 10:59:32 2012 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 626327552 bytes Fixed Size 2215944 bytes Variable Size 373297144 bytes Database Buffers 243269632 bytes Redo Buffers 7544832 bytes ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info SQL>
上述报错ORA-00205提示控制文件找不到,正是我们所预见的,因为当前控制文件还未生成,所以数据库没法MOUNT,说明数据库是NOMOUNT状态。这时,也可以看到相关的后台进程已经启动:
SQL> ! OCM11g-> ps -ef | grep ora_|grep -v grep oracle 14885 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_manualdb oracle 14887 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_manualdb oracle 14891 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_manualdb oracle 14893 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_manualdb oracle 14895 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_manualdb oracle 14897 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_manualdb oracle 14899 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_manualdb oracle 14903 1 6 11:02 ? 00:00:27 ora_mman_manualdb oracle 14905 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:01 ora_dbw0_manualdb oracle 14907 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_manualdb oracle 14909 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_manualdb oracle 14911 1 0 11:02 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_manualdb oracle 14913 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_manualdb oracle 14915 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_manualdb oracle 14917 1 0 11:03 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_manualdb OCM11g->
6 执行下述CREATE DATABASE的命令,开始手工创建Oracle 数据库:
SQL> conn / as sysdba; Connected. SQL> select open_mode from v$database; select open_mode from v$database * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01507: database not mounted SQL> CREATE DATABASE manualdb 2 USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle 3 USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle 4 LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512, 5 GROUP 2 ('/u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log') SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512 6 MAXLOGFILES 5 7 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 8 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 9 MAXDATAFILES 100 10 CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8 11 NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 12 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL 13 DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 300M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf' 17 SIZE 5M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED 18 DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 19 TEMPFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/temp01.dbf' 20 SIZE 20M REUSE 21 UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs 22 DATAFILE '/u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf' 23 SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; Database created. SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database; NAME OPEN_MODE --------- -------------------- MANUALDB READ WRITE SQL>
7 创建数据字典视图,分别执行下述脚本来完成:
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql ...... ...... SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql ...... ...... SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql ...... ......
上述3个脚本的说明见下表:
The Scripts and descriptions
Script |
Description |
CATALOG.SQL |
Creates the views of the data dictionary tables, the dynamic performance views,and public synonyms for many of the views.Grants PUBLIC access to the synonyms. |
CATPROC.SQL |
Runs all scripts required for or used with PL/SQL. |
PUPBLD.SQL |
Required for SQL*Plus. Enables SQL*Plus to disable commands by user. |
8 至此,我们完成了手工创建Oracle 数据库。
SQL> select * from v$version; BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production 5 rows selected. SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database; NAME OPEN_MODE --------- -------------------- MANUALDB READ WRITE 1 row selected. SQL> select name from v$datafile 2 union 3 select name from v$controlfile 4 union 5 select member from v$logfile; NAME -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/cntrlmanualdb.dbf /u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log /u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log /u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf /u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf /u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf /u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf 7 rows selected. SQL>
9 最后,如果该数据库不需要的话。我们可以执行手工删除数据库,当然必须要将数据库启动到MOUNT RESTRICT状态来删除:
如何确认实例是否是RESTRICTED MODE:
SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS --------------- ------------ ------------------- ---------- manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED 1 row selected. SQL> alter system enable restricted session; System altered. SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS --------------- ------------ ------------------- ---------- manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 RESTRICTED 1 row selected. SQL> alter system disable restricted session; System altered. SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS --------------- ------------ ------------------- ---------- manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED 1 row selected. SQL>
通过查看V$INSTANCE动态性能视图的LOGINS字段,如果该值为ALLOWED,说明实例是正常启动,并未进入RESTRICTED MODE,普通用户可以正常访问;如果该值为RESTRICTED说明是RESTRICTED MODE,即需要具有RESTRICTED SESSION系统权限的用户方可访问;
手工删除数据库:
SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS --------------- ------------ ------------------- ---------- manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 ALLOWED 1 row selected. SQL> drop database; drop database * ERROR at line 1: ORA-12719: operation requires database is in RESTRICTED mode SQL> alter system enable restricted session; System altered. SQL> select instance_name,status,startup_time,logins from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME STATUS STARTUP_TIME LOGINS --------------- ------------ ------------------- ---------- manualdb MOUNTED 2012/03/30 13:38:52 RESTRICTED 1 row selected. SQL> drop database; Database dropped. Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL>
此时,Oracle自动删除该数据库的所有数据文件、联机重做日志文件、控制文件以及初始化参数文件。从alert日志文件里可以看到下述信息:
Fri Mar 30 13:45:33 2012 drop database Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/system01.dbf Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/sysaux01.dbf Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/undotbs01.dbf Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/users01.dbf Deleted file /u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo01a.log Deleted file /u02/manualdb/onlinelog/redo02a.log Deleted file /u02/manualdb/oradata/temp01.dbf Deleted file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_manualdb.f
10 简单总结,可见手工创建、删除数据库也很简单。当然,在第6步中执行手工建库的命令中还有诸多其它选项,比如选择OMF,这时,只要在参数文件中指定DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST参数,那么建库的命令将更加简单。
评论 (1)
Asher| 2013年10月15日
今天在读Oracle Database 11g Administration Workshop I 培训教材时,其中有提到:
1 手工删除库的命令,先 Startup restrict mount;然后 drop database;
2 drop database命令会删除控制文件、数据文件、联机日志文件以及初始化参数文件。数据库的备份文件、映像拷贝、以及归档日志文件不会被删除。且,如果数据库是采用raw devices来存放的,那么裸设备里的文件也不会被删除。
补充,以记之。