零 背景说明：
我的这个站点目前托管在香港，采用的是LAMP，即Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP架构。将于2018年9月6日到期。在到期之前，研究了一下，如果需要迁移到新主机的话，大致流程和步骤，这里简单总结一下。
即，模拟将现有的oracleonlinux.cn（LAMP架构）迁移至本地机器，并且启用新的blog.com域名（这个域名是虚拟的，通过NGINX模拟反向解析，然后配置本地hosts文件）采用LNMP架构。把之前的Apache换成NGINX，域名也更换一下。
一 备份站点文件
即备份主机上的Wordpress及其全部子目录即可，可以采用Linux系统的tar命令来打包。我这里，由于主机服务商暂时不提供SSH远程访问权限，无法连到主机上直接执行备份，但是有Cpanel控制台，我是通过Cpanel控制台上选择的全部备份，然后将备份文件下载到本地：
[root@localhost ~]# ll backup-9.3.2018_08-30-42_oracleon.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 nginx nginx 260642919 9月 3 21:06 backup-9.3.2018_08-30-42_oracleon.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]#
二 备份MySQL数据库
同样，通过Cpanel控制台上选择备份数据库，然后下载到本地：
[root@localhost ~]# ll oracleon_oracle.sql.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3155154 9月 3 19:53 oracleon_oracle.sql.gz [root@localhost ~]#
三 本地搭建LNMP环境
Linux：Centos 6.5，本地IP为172.16.11.80:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -rm
2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:99:3D:E7
inet addr:172.16.11.80 Bcast:172.16.11.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe99:3de7/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2903715683 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3509490556 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:1030640015360 (959.8 GiB) TX bytes:3030630388115 (2.7 TiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:414816117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:414816117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:469426552437 (437.1 GiB) TX bytes:469426552437 (437.1 GiB)
[root@localhost ~]#
NGINX：直接通过yum安装；
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx 已加载插件：fastestmirror 设置安装进程 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.shu.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn 解决依赖关系 --> 执行事务检查 ---> Package nginx.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-filesystem = 1.10.2-1.el6，它被软件包 nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-all-modules = 1.10.2-1.el6，它被软件包 nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-filesystem，它被软件包 nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 需要 --> 执行事务检查 ---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-mod-stream = 1.10.2-1.el6，它被软件包 nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-mod-mail = 1.10.2-1.el6，它被软件包 nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1.10.2-1.el6，它被软件包 nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-mod-http-perl = 1.10.2-1.el6，它被软件包 nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1.10.2-1.el6，它被软件包 nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 nginx-mod-http-geoip = 1.10.2-1.el6，它被软件包 nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 需要 ---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 --> 执行事务检查 ---> Package nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 ---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 ---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 ---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 ---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 ---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 will be 安装 --> 完成依赖关系计算 依赖关系解决 ================================================================================================================================= 软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小 ================================================================================================================================= 正在安装: nginx x86_64 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 462 k 为依赖而安装: nginx-all-modules noarch 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 7.7 k nginx-filesystem noarch 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 8.5 k nginx-mod-http-geoip x86_64 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 14 k nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 16 k nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 26 k nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 16 k nginx-mod-mail x86_64 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 43 k nginx-mod-stream x86_64 1.10.2-1.el6 epel 36 k 事务概要 ================================================================================================================================= Install 9 Package(s) 总下载量：629 k Installed size: 1.6 M 确定吗？[y/N]：y 下载软件包： (1/9): nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 462 kB 00:00 (2/9): nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 7.7 kB 00:00 (3/9): nginx-filesystem-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch.rpm | 8.5 kB 00:00 (4/9): nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 14 kB 00:00 (5/9): nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 16 kB 00:00 (6/9): nginx-mod-http-perl-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 26 kB 00:00 (7/9): nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 16 kB 00:00 (8/9): nginx-mod-mail-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 43 kB 00:00 (9/9): nginx-mod-stream-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 36 kB 00:00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 总计 719 kB/s | 629 kB 00:00 运行 rpm_check_debug 执行事务测试 事务测试成功 执行事务 正在安装 : nginx-filesystem-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 1/9 正在安装 : nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 2/9 正在安装 : nginx-mod-stream-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 3/9 正在安装 : nginx-mod-http-perl-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 4/9 正在安装 : nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 5/9 正在安装 : nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 6/9 正在安装 : nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 7/9 正在安装 : nginx-mod-mail-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 8/9 正在安装 : nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 9/9 Verifying : nginx-mod-mail-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 1/9 Verifying : nginx-mod-http-geoip-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 2/9 Verifying : nginx-mod-stream-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 3/9 Verifying : nginx-all-modules-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 4/9 Verifying : nginx-mod-http-perl-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 5/9 Verifying : nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 6/9 Verifying : nginx-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 7/9 Verifying : nginx-filesystem-1.10.2-1.el6.noarch 8/9 Verifying : nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.10.2-1.el6.x86_64 9/9 已安装: nginx.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 作为依赖被安装: nginx-all-modules.noarch 0:1.10.2-1.el6 nginx-filesystem.noarch 0:1.10.2-1.el6 nginx-mod-http-geoip.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 0:1.10.2-1.el6 完毕！ [root@localhost ~]# nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.10.2 [root@localhost ~]#
MySQL：通过RPM包安装:
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
..
..
100%[=======================================================================================>] 227,512,320 1.21M/s in 2m 26s
2018-09-04 14:51:22 (1.48 MB/s) - 已保存 “MySQL-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar” [227512320/227512320])
[root@localhost ~]# ll MySQL-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 227512320 6月 18 16:11 MySQL-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf MySQL-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
gzip: stdin: not in gzip format
tar: Child returned status 1
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
[root@localhost ~]# tar xvf MySQL-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
MySQL-client-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-test-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
MySQL-embedded-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libnuma.so.1()(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64
libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) is needed by MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#
根据错误提示，安装numactl:
[root@localhost ~]# yum install numactl
已加载插件：fastestmirror
设置安装进程
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.shu.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
解决依赖关系
--> 执行事务检查
---> Package numactl.x86_64 0:2.0.9-2.el6 will be 安装
--> 完成依赖关系计算
依赖关系解决
=================================================================================================================================
软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
=================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
numactl x86_64 2.0.9-2.el6 base 74 k
事务概要
=================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
总下载量：74 k
Installed size: 171 k
确定吗？[y/N]：y
下载软件包：
numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 74 kB 00:00
运行 rpm_check_debug
执行事务测试
事务测试成功
执行事务
正在安装 : numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : numactl-2.0.9-2.el6.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
numactl.x86_64 0:2.0.9-2.el6
完毕！
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
..
..
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/swe7.xml from install of MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]#
再根据提示，系统自带mysql-libs-5.1.71与当前要安装的依赖冲突，先删除掉：
[root@localhost ~]# yum erase mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 已加载插件：fastestmirror 设置移除进程 解决依赖关系 --> 执行事务检查 ---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6 will be 删除 --> 处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64 需要 --> 处理依赖关系 mysql-libs，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64 需要 --> 执行事务检查 ---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 will be 删除 --> 处理依赖关系 /usr/sbin/sendmail，它被软件包 cronie-1.4.4-12.el6.x86_64 需要 --> 执行事务检查 ---> Package cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6 will be 删除 --> 处理依赖关系 cronie = 1.4.4-12.el6，它被软件包 cronie-anacron-1.4.4-12.el6.x86_64 需要 --> 执行事务检查 ---> Package cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6 will be 删除 --> 处理依赖关系 /etc/cron.d，它被软件包 crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 需要 --> 使用新的信息重新计算依赖关系 --> 执行事务检查 ---> Package crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 will be 删除 --> 完成依赖关系计算 依赖关系解决 ============================================================================================================================================================================= 软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小 ============================================================================================================================================================================= 正在删除: mysql-libs x86_64 5.1.71-1.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 4.0 M 为依赖而移除: cronie x86_64 1.4.4-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 174 k cronie-anacron x86_64 1.4.4-12.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 43 k crontabs noarch 1.10-33.el6 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 2.4 k postfix x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 @anaconda-CentOS-201311272149.x86_64/6.5 9.7 M 事务概要 ============================================================================================================================================================================= Remove 5 Package(s) Installed size: 14 M 确定吗？[y/N]：y 下载软件包： 运行 rpm_check_debug 执行事务测试 事务测试成功 执行事务 正在删除 : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-12.el6.x86_64 1/5 正在删除 : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 2/5 正在删除 : cronie-1.4.4-12.el6.x86_64 3/5 正在删除 : 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64 4/5 正在删除 : mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch 1/5 Verifying : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-12.el6.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : cronie-1.4.4-12.el6.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 5/5 删除: mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6 作为依赖被删除: cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6 cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 完毕！ [root@localhost ~]#
接着安装MySQL-server：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: MySQL-server-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-server ########################################### [100%] warning: user mysql does not exist - using root warning: group mysql does not exist - using root warning: user mysql does not exist - using root warning: group mysql does not exist - using root 2018-09-04 15:09:54 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2018-09-04 15:09:54 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2018-09-04 15:09:54 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.41) starting as process 1647 ... 2018-09-04 15:09:54 1647 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages .. .. A RANDOM PASSWORD HAS BEEN SET FOR THE MySQL root USER ! You will find that password in '/root/.mysql_secret'. You must change that password on your first connect, no other statement but 'SET PASSWORD' will be accepted. See the manual for the semantics of the 'password expired' flag. Also, the account for the anonymous user has been removed. .. .. New default config file was created as /usr/my.cnf and will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings [root@localhost ~]#
安装MySQL客户端：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm warning: MySQL-client-5.6.41-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%] [root@localhost ~]#
启动MySQL，用系统生成的随机口令先登录数据库，然后修改root口令，再创建新的库和用户blog，用于恢复原站点的数据库：
[root@localhost ~]# cat .mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Tue Sep 4 15:09:55 2018 (local time): QKkCVRsNEhJZEZj0
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql status
ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err'.
... SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# service mysql status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (2098)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h localhost -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.41
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SET PASSWORD=password('localblog');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create database blog CHARACTER SET utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> create user 'blog'@'localhost' identified by 'blog123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on blog.* to 'blog'@'localhost' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
PHP：yum安装。
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php php-fpm 已加载插件：fastestmirror .. .. 已安装: php.x86_64 0:5.3.3-49.el6 php-fpm.x86_64 0:5.3.3-49.el6 作为依赖被安装: apr.x86_64 0:1.3.9-5.el6_9.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 apr-util-ldap.x86_64 0:1.3.9-3.el6_0.1 httpd.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.2.15-69.el6.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.31-2.el6 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.3.3-49.el6 php-common.x86_64 0:5.3.3-49.el6 完毕！ [root@localhost ~]# yum install php php-fpm
四 配置NGINX
这里，由于我是在本地服务器上模拟站点迁移，并没有新的域名。于是，我用NGINX模拟反向解析一个新的域名：blog.com，然后，把blog.com配置到本地hosts文件。
NGINX的配置文件路径为，/etc/nginx/conf.d。内容如下：
[root@localhost blog]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/blog.conf
#
# The default server
#
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /blog;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root /blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
[root@localhost blog]#
该配置文件中的blog.com就是我要通过NGINX来反向代理的站点，/blog指的是我的站点的根目录。
然后，本地hosts文件中，把blog.com，指向172.16.11.96，添加如下一条记录即可：
172.16.11.80 blog.com 且，可以正常访问： $ ping blog.com PING blog.com (172.16.11.80): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 172.16.11.80: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.561 ms 64 bytes from 172.16.11.80: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.638 ms ^C --- blog.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.561/0.600/0.638/0.039 ms asher at MacBook-Air-3 in ~ $
五 安装Wordpress
WordPress官方网站，下载最新的安装包，然后解压，放到/blog路径下，修改/blog机器子路径的权限，owner为NGINX的启动用户。这里需要配合前面的第4步骤，前面的NGINX把blog.com反向解析到哪个路径，这里就需要把Wordpress安装在哪儿。
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz .. [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /blog [root@localhost ~]# mv latest.tar.gz /blog/ [root@localhost ~]# cd /blog/ [root@localhost blog]# tar -zxvf latest.tar.gz [root@localhost blog]# mv ./wordpress/* . [root@localhost blog]# chown -R nginx:nginx /blog/
启动，NGINX、php-fpm，执行安装：
[root@localhost ~]# service nginx restart 停止 nginx： [确定] 正在启动 nginx： [确定] [root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm restart 停止 php-fpm： [失败] 正在启动 php-fpm： [确定] [root@localhost ~]#
浏览器打开blog.com，遇到下述错误：
Your PHP installation appears to be missing the MySQL extension which is required by WordPress.
经排查，是PHP版本太低，卸载前面安装的低版本PHP和PHP-fpm，然后安装高版本PHP和PHP-fpm，以及相关依赖包：
[root@localhost ~]# php -v PHP 5.3.3 (cli) (built: Mar 22 2017 12:27:09) Copyright (c) 1997-2010 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2010 Zend Technologies [root@localhost ~]# yum erase php php-fpm .. .. [root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm Retrieving http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:remi-release ########################################### [100%] [root@localhost ~]# yum install --enablerepo=remi --enablerepo=remi-php56 php php-fpm php-opcache php-devel php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-mysqlnd php-phpunit-PHPUnit php-pecl-xdebug php-pecl-xhprof .. ..
再启动NGINX、php-fpm，执行安装：
[root@localhost blog]# php -v
PHP 5.6.37 (cli) (built: Jul 19 2018 20:06:19)
Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.6.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.0.6-dev, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies
with Xdebug v2.5.5, Copyright (c) 2002-2017, by Derick Rethans
[root@localhost blog]# service nginx restart
停止 nginx： [确定]
正在启动 nginx： [确定]
[root@localhost blog]# service php-fpm restart
停止 php-fpm： [确定]
正在启动 php-fpm： [确定]
[root@localhost blog]#
开始安装：
根据提示，填入前面配置MySQL数据库的时候，创建的数据库名blog,用户名blog及密码：
根据提示，安装程序无法创建wp-config.php配置文件，手工拷贝内容，在/blog路径下，创建该文件，内容为上述信息。继续安装：
设置超管用户的密码，这里只是测试，简单起见，设置blog、blog，真实环境下，要注意复杂度。
六 还原MySQL数据库：
解压缩之前创建的MySQL数据库备份文件：
[root@localhost ~]# gzip -d oracleon_oracle.sql.gz [root@localhost ~]# ll oracleon_oracle.sql -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15662095 9月 3 19:53 oracleon_oracle.sql [root@localhost ~]#
blog用户登录数据库blog，执行脚本恢复：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h localhost -u blog -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 22 Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use blog; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +-----------------------+ | Tables_in_blog | +-----------------------+ | wp_commentmeta | | wp_comments | | wp_links | | wp_options | | wp_postmeta | | wp_posts | | wp_term_relationships | | wp_term_taxonomy | | wp_termmeta | | wp_terms | | wp_usermeta | | wp_users | +-----------------------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> source ./oracleon_oracle.sql .. .. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
七 修改数据库中关于旧站点的连接信息：
mysql> UPDATE wp_options SET option_value = replace(option_value, 'www.oracleonlinux.cn','blog.com'); Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.02 sec) Rows matched: 367 Changed: 6 Warnings: 0 mysql> UPDATE wp_options SET option_value = replace(option_value, 'oracleonlinux.cn','blog.com'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 367 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0 mysql> UPDATE wp_posts SET post_content = replace(post_content, 'www.oracleonlinux.cn','blog.com'); Query OK, 95 rows affected (0.06 sec) Rows matched: 735 Changed: 95 Warnings: 0 mysql> UPDATE wp_posts SET post_content = replace(post_content, 'oracleonlinux.cn','blog.com'); Query OK, 13 rows affected (0.07 sec) Rows matched: 735 Changed: 13 Warnings: 0 mysql> UPDATE wp_comments SET comment_content = replace(comment_content, 'www.oracleonlinux.cn', 'blog.com'); Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 284 Changed: 8 Warnings: 0 mysql> UPDATE wp_comments SET comment_content = replace(comment_content, 'oracleonlinux.cn', 'blog.com'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 284 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> UPDATE wp_comments SET comment_author_url = replace(comment_author_url, 'www.oracleonlinux.cn', 'blog.com'); Query OK, 66 rows affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 284 Changed: 66 Warnings: 0 mysql> UPDATE wp_comments SET comment_author_url = replace(comment_author_url, 'oracleonlinux.cn', 'blog.com'); Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 284 Changed: 10 Warnings: 0 mysql>
八 登录后台查看信息：
注意，这里需要使用旧站点的管理员用户和密码，因为后台的MySQL数据库中已经导入之前的数据库备份信息了。
登录之后，可以看到之前站点上发布的所有文章和数据。这里，需要重新安装以及启用之前站点上的主题和插件。
九 设置NGINX的静态解析
由于之前的网站是LAMP，用Apache解析的，现在改为NGINX代理的话，需要重新配置静态解析。否则的话，会出现主页访问正常，但是其它页面以及标签页和单篇文章打开时报404错误。
在nginx的配置文件的location / 位置处，加上下述信息：
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+)?(/wp-.*) $2 last;
rewrite ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+)?(/.*\.php)$ $2 last;
rewrite ^ /index.php last;
}
完整的用于该站点的反向代理解析文件如下：
#
# The default server
#
server {
listen 80;
server_name blog.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /blog;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+)?(/wp-.*) $2 last;
rewrite ^([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+)?(/.*\.php)$ $2 last;
rewrite ^ /index.php last;
}
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root /blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
最后，可以在本地看到的站点如下：
