Oracle 10g RAC 配置物理dataguard系列1：RAC主库信息概览、备库准备工作

最近在学习Oracle dataguard相关知识。本系列就Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5 X86_64位环境下Oracle 10g 10.2.0.5.0双节点RAC数据库配置一套物理dataguard做一记录，一来给自己的学习做一简单记录，二来，同样希望可以给广大网友及Oracle数据库技术爱好者提供思路。

在实施之前，简单介绍下背景、最终目标及配置步骤：

背景介绍：主库是一套运行在Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5 X86_64位环境下Oracle 10g 10.2.0.5.0双节点RAC数据库，主库用的是ASM存储，ASM磁盘利用raw来实现；
最终目标：需要给该主库搭建一套同样是运行在Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.5 X86_64位环境下的物理备库，并且能够switchover，确保高可用
配置步骤： 1 了解现有主库的配置信息；

2 搭建一台干净的新机器，用于创建物理备库使用；

3 在物理备机上安装oracle数据库软件，并且升级到同主库软件版本一致，即10.2.0.5.0；

4 在物理备机上创建ASM实例，ASM磁盘同样选择裸设备来实现；

5 配置物理备库；

6 确认switchover成功，双节点RAC+physical standby既可提供实例级别容灾(RAC功能)又可以提供存储级别容灾(Dataguard功能)，做到真正的高可用！

本篇是整个实施过程的系列1：本篇的内容主要是查看主库基本配置信息，及创建一台干净的Linux服务器，用作备库。

一首先了解下现有双节点RAC数据库配置信息：

1 节点1系统基本信息：

[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# hostname 
oracle-rac1.gillion.com.cn
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# uname -rm
2.6.18-194.0.0.0.3.el5 x86_64
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
              ext3     20G   12G  6.8G  64% /
/dev/sda1     ext3     99M   19M   75M  21% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:3A:B8:31  
          inet addr:172.16.0.33  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe3a:b831/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:836563 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:10459 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:73068451 (69.6 MiB)  TX bytes:2856621 (2.7 MiB)
eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:3A:B8:31  
          inet addr:172.16.0.35  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:3A:B8:3B  
          inet addr:192.168.139.13  Bcast:192.168.139.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe3a:b83b/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1484344 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:707841 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:327352385 (312.1 MiB)  TX bytes:353601291 (337.2 MiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:265726 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:265726 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:61035429 (58.2 MiB)  TX bytes:61035429 (58.2 MiB)
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost
172.16.0.33             oracle-rac1.gillion.com.cn oracle-rac1
172.16.0.35             oracle-rac1-vip oracle-rac1-vip.gillion.com.cn
192.168.139.13          oracle-rac1-priv
172.16.0.34             oracle-rac2.gillion.com.cn oracle-rac2
172.16.0.36             oracle-rac2-vip oracle-rac2-vip.gillion.com.cn
192.168.139.14          oracle-rac2-priv
[root@oracle-rac1 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? glndb
[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=glndb1
[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$ env | grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=glndb1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$

2 节点1数据库基本信息：

[oracle@oracle-rac1 ~]$ sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Feb 14 09:11:00 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.5.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
SQL> select dbid,name,created,log_mode,db_unique_name from gv$database;
      DBID NAME      CREATED             LOG_MODE     DB_UNIQUE_NAME
---------- --------- ------------------- ------------ ---------
3995745524 GLNDB     2010/08/03 10:44:04 ARCHIVELOG   glndb
3995745524 GLNDB     2010/08/03 10:44:04 ARCHIVELOG   glndb
SQL> show parameter db_name;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------
db_name                              string      glndb
SQL> show parameter db_unique;
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------
db_unique_name                       string      glndb
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/arch1
Oldest online log sequence     7699
Next log sequence to archive   7700
Current log sequence           7700
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      +ORADATA/glndb/spfileglndb.ora
SQL>

3 节点2基本信息：

[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# hostname 
oracle-rac2.gillion.com.cn
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# uname -rm
2.6.18-194.0.0.0.3.el5 x86_64
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
              ext3     20G   12G  6.9G  63% /
/dev/sda1     ext3     99M   19M   75M  21% /boot
tmpfs        tmpfs    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D1:B5:4C  
          inet addr:172.16.0.34  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed1:b54c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:833250 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:8442 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:72725394 (69.3 MiB)  TX bytes:2440410 (2.3 MiB)
eth0:1    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D1:B5:4C  
          inet addr:172.16.0.36  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D1:B5:56  
          inet addr:192.168.139.14  Bcast:192.168.139.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed1:b556/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1534148 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:655976 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:424024468 (404.3 MiB)  TX bytes:256611983 (244.7 MiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:274642 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:274642 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:61783289 (58.9 MiB)  TX bytes:61783289 (58.9 MiB)
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost
172.16.0.33             oracle-rac1.gillion.com.cn oracle-rac1
172.16.0.35             oracle-rac1-vip oracle-rac1-vip.gillion.com.cn
192.168.139.13          oracle-rac1-priv
172.16.0.34             oracle-rac2.gillion.com.cn oracle-rac2
172.16.0.36             oracle-rac2-vip oracle-rac2-vip.gillion.com.cn
192.168.139.14          oracle-rac2-priv
[root@oracle-rac2 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? glndb
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=glndb2
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=glndb2
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$

4 点2数据库基本信息：

[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Tue Feb 14 09:25:47 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
CORE    10.2.0.5.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
SQL> set line 160
SQL> select dbid,name,created,log_mode,db_unique_name from gv$database;
      DBID NAME      CREATED             LOG_MODE     DB_UNIQUE_NAME
---------- --------- ------------------- ------------ ---------
3995745524 GLNDB     2010/08/03 10:44:04 ARCHIVELOG   glndb
3995745524 GLNDB     2010/08/03 10:44:04 ARCHIVELOG   glndb
SQL> show parameter db_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- --------------
db_name                              string      glndb
SQL> show parameter db_unique
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- --------------
db_unique_name                       string      glndb
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /home/oracle/arch2
Oldest online log sequence     3270
Next log sequence to archive   3271
Current log sequence           3271
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile                               string      +ORADATA/glndb/spfileglndb.ora
SQL>

5 数据文件、控制文件基本信息：

SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024 M from v$datafile
  2  union
  3  select name,0 from v$controlfile
  4  order by 2
  5  ;
NAME                                                        M
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
+ORADATA/glndb/controlfile/current.256.726057849            0
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/example.435.756233417               2
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/users.265.726057871                 2
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/undotbs3.268.774870843            200
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/undotbs2.264.726057869            261
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/sysaux.262.726057863             1290
+ORADATA/glndb/datafile/system.260.726057851             6039
7 rows selected.
SQL>

6 联机日志文件信息：

SQL> select * from v$log;
    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- -------------------
         1          1       7700   52428800          1 NO  CURRENT              445626703 2012/02/13 23:06:00
         2          1       7699   52428800          1 YES INACTIVE             445622543 2012/02/13 23:05:29
         4          2       3271   52428800          1 NO  CURRENT              445627780 2012/02/13 23:05:58
         5          2       3270   52428800          1 YES INACTIVE             445332258 2012/02/13 09:05:39
SQL>

7 资源状态信息：

[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$ /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/crs/bin/crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host        
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.glndb.db   application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora...._svc.cs application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....db1.srv application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....b1.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....b2.inst application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....svc2.cs application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....db2.srv application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....SM1.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....C1.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....ac1.gsd application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....ac1.ons application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....ac1.vip application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac1 
ora....SM2.asm application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....C2.lsnr application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....ac2.gsd application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....ac2.ons application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
ora....ac2.vip application    ONLINE    ONLINE    oracle-rac2 
[oracle@oracle-rac2 ~]$

二在获取了RAC主库的基本信息之后，接下来搭建一套新的机器做物理dataguard用

本文采用的是在一套虚拟机上搭建另外的备库机器，该虚拟机软件是VMware ESX 4.0，该软件其实可以认为是一个操作系统，是直接装在物理机器上的，有别于Vmware公司的VMware Server、VMware Workstation软件，后两者是先需要有操作系统，然后在操作系统上安装该虚拟机软件。而且，VMware ESX 4.0虚拟机软件相对来说也要比后两者稳定。

用Vmware vSphere Client工具登录虚拟机控制台：

登录控制台后，虚拟机信息概览：

2 选择File–New–Virtual Machine，新建虚拟机命名为10gRAC-Dataguard：

3 接下来一步一步走，同在VMware Server、VMware Workstation里创建新虚拟机一样，在此不再赘述。配置后的虚拟机概览如下：

4 给10gRAC-Dataguard加电，开始安装操作系统，虚拟机磁盘分区如下：

5 虚拟机网络配置信息如下：

IPv4:172.16.0.202

Netmask:255.255.240.0

Gateway:172.16.15.254

DNS:Null

Hostname:ora10grac-dg

6 软件包安装时，选择客户化，其中，下述是选择要安装的软件包：

Desktop Environments：GNOME Desktop Environment

Applications:

Editors

Graphics

Development:

Development Libraries

Development Tools

GNOME Software Development

Legacy Software Development

X software Development

Base System:

Administration Tools

Base

Legacy Software Support

System Tools （其中，选择oracleasm软件包。注：默认情况下并没有oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5软件包，如果采用asmlib来管理和创建asm磁盘的话，仍需要后续手工安装该RPM包，否则将来配置ASM存储时会找不到ASM磁盘！！！）

暂时，先安装这些软件包，稍后在安装oracle软件时，如有缺失软件包的话，再续安装，至于其它的Server，虚拟化，集群软件包一概不装！

7 接下来，进行格式化文件系统，进入系统安装。稍后，还有一些后续的配置工作，记得不要开启SELinux并且关闭防火墙！最后，一台新的虚拟机配置成功，登录界面如下：

8 新虚拟机基本信息如下：

[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# hostname 
ora10grac-dg
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# uptime 
 11:17:18 up 2 min,  2 users,  load average: 1.98, 1.23, 0.47
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     ext3    7.8G  2.8G  4.7G  37% /
tmpfs        tmpfs    1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /dev/shm
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:2E:60:24  
          inet addr:172.16.0.202  Bcast:172.16.15.255  Mask:255.255.240.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2e:6024/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:3356 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:196 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:333071 (325.2 KiB)  TX bytes:21084 (20.5 KiB)
lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:1056 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:1056 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:1753796 (1.6 MiB)  TX bytes:1753796 (1.6 MiB)
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]# uname -rm
2.6.18-194.el5 x86_64
[root@ora10grac-dg ~]#

这样，一台新的物理备库机器配置成功！接下来需要在该机器上安装oracle软件，配置ASM，升级oracle软件到10.2.0.5.0版本，下篇继续！